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        <h2 id="postgresql学习记录（一）"><a href="#postgresql学习记录（一）" class="headerlink" title="postgresql学习记录（一）"></a>postgresql学习记录（一）</h2><h3 id="一-初探postgresql"><a href="#一-初探postgresql" class="headerlink" title="一.初探postgresql"></a>一.初探postgresql</h3><p>PostgreSQL是一个功能强大的开源对象关系数据库管理系统(ORDBMS)。 用于安全地存储数据; 支持最佳做法，并允许在处理请求时检索它们。PostgreSQL(也称为Post-gress-Q-L)由PostgreSQL全球开发集团(全球志愿者团队)开发。 它不受任何公司或其他私人实体控制。 它是开源的，其源代码是免费提供的。</p>
<h3 id="二-踩坑postgresql的安装"><a href="#二-踩坑postgresql的安装" class="headerlink" title="二.踩坑postgresql的安装"></a>二.踩坑postgresql的安装</h3><p>单纯的安装postgresql是非常容易的打开官网按照教程就可以很容易的安装上去</p>
<ol>
<li>在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list 文件中添加如下的语句<br>注意要选择适合自己系统的版本,具体要求看postgresql的官方网站</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>运行命令开始安装<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | \sudo apt-key add -</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="三-为postgresql添加新的用户并且开启远程登入的权限"><a href="#三-为postgresql添加新的用户并且开启远程登入的权限" class="headerlink" title="三.为postgresql添加新的用户并且开启远程登入的权限"></a>三.为postgresql添加新的用户并且开启远程登入的权限</h3><p>postgresql和mysql有一些差别,要想开启远程登入权限需要修改两个文件</p>
<ol>
<li>输入 vi postgresql.conf 修改pistgresql.conf文件</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi postgresql.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="blogimg/postgresql/4.png" alt=""></p>
<p>编辑其中的listen_addresses 字段 将原来的listen_addresses = ‘localhost’修改为listen_addresses = ‘*’</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi pg_hba.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="blogimg/postgresql/5.png" alt=""></p>
<p>修改整个文件变成如上的样子:说明一下,local 表示本地登入的权限使用peer认证(本机使用unix socket认证:注意在这种模式下,linux系统必须切换到相应的用户中才行,这样就不需要使用密码进行登入了),host外网使用的是md5认证(增加安全权限)具体为什么要看一下其他的东西:<a href="http://hi-kys.me/?p=361" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://hi-kys.me/?p=361</a></p>
<ol start="2">
<li>针对安全性为postgresql添加一个新的用户<br>在上面的过程中我们已将使用了peer认证方法声明了所有的用户,也就是说只要linux系统中拥有和postgresql相同名称的用户,那么将linux切换到这个用户中将可以不使用密码进行登入数据的操作<br>第一次使用postgresql首先切换linux用户</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">su postgresql</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>直接登入到数据库中</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">psql</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以上两步可以使用一个命令解决</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo -u postgres psql</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="blogimg/postgresql/6.png" alt=""></p>
<p>创建新的用户并设置密码</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CREATE USER dbuser WITH PASSWORD &apos;*****&apos;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>或者使用这个命令</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CREATE ROLE name LOGIN PASSWORD &apos;123456‘;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>引申:user和role的区别就是role没有登入权限而user拥有登入权限<br>创建一个数据库并关联到当前的用户上</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">create database xxx owner username</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>付给这个新用户全部的权限(这里只是做开发不考虑进行权限管理)</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">grant ALL on DATABASE database_name TO user_name</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用\du命令查看一下 \q退出</p>
<p><img src="/blogimg/postgresql/7.png" alt=""></p>
<ol start="3">
<li>测试一下<br>使用命令</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">psql -U user_name -d database_name -h xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -p5432</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>或者使用图形工具进行连接登入成功证明配置正确</li>
</ul>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#postgresql学习记录（一）"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">postgresql学习记录（一）</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#一-初探postgresql"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">一.初探postgresql</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#二-踩坑postgresql的安装"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">二.踩坑postgresql的安装</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#三-为postgresql添加新的用户并且开启远程登入的权限"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">三.为postgresql添加新的用户并且开启远程登入的权限</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
            

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